Ereğli Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi Arşiv

This study was carried out on a 4 year old local grape variety (Vitis vinifera) grown in Erciş district during the vegetation period of 2019. In this study, three different treatments (Sodyum bikarbonat, % 80 WP Kükürt and 50 g/l Triadimenol) were used for control of powdery mildew disease (Erysiphe necator Schwein), and some of the yield and quality criteria of Erciş grape cultivars and their effects on disease control were investigated. The experiment was carried out in the fields where viticulture is made in Erciş district of Van. Grapevine controls were carried out at 20-day intervals between May and September at different growth and development periods during the vegetation period starting from the grain attitude of the vineyards until the harvest. The grapevines were sprayed 3 times according to the program. The criteria such as number of clusters, weight of clusters, average yield, total chlorophyll density, amount of water soluble dry matter, pH, titratable acidity (%) were examined. As a result of the analyzes, the difference between the application groups of pH, SÇKM, TA (%) and yield values were found insignificant. In the study, the difference between disease severity according to the scale values of the application groups in both leaf and cluster was found to be statistically significant. In this contex, all treatments reduce the severity of the disease; it was determined that especially 80% WP Sulfur and Sodium bicarbonate was more effective than 50 g/l Triadimenol treatment. As a result, it is thought that sodium bicarbonate can be used as an alternative to fungicides.

This study was carried out to examine some morphological and pomological features of 305 melon genotypes (Cucumis melo L.) in the genetic pool of Beta Agriculture Inc. were used and they were selfing and progressed (S1). Measurements and observations determined in accordance with our purpose in the study were made by using UPOV parameters (UPOV, 2006). As a result of the measurements and observations obtained, the leaf shape is 20.98% three-lobed, 0.98% deep three-lobed, 46,5% deep five-lobed, 17,3% five-lobed, 13.44% full, 0.65% other the leaf color is 19,7% dark green, 66.4% green. The development of the lobes in the leaf blade was 53,6% strong, 31.2% medium and 15.1% weak. Leaf-blade length; 79.78% wide and 20,2% medium and leaf blade width 59.2% medium, 15.6% wide and 25.17% narrow. The petiole length was determined as 60.6% medium, 20.2% short and 19.1% long. As a result of the self-breeding 277 genotype fruit attitudes, the observations on these were found to be 64.13% round, 32.6% oval, 2.5% long in the shape of the fruit. The dominant fruit shell color is 1.8% dark green, 1.8% green, 2.1% pale green, 6.1% black green, 14.8% light yellow, 22.3% orange, and 50.18% dark yellow; the secondary color distribution in the shell is 2.8% black green, 1.4% light yellow 40% green and 54.8% dark green. The secondary fruit shell color pattern is 9.3% absent and is 89.5% speckled spotted; the fruit surface is 1.8% veiled, 2.5% low net, 3.2% flat, 4.3% multi-web, 15.1% superficial wavy, and 72.5% superficial wrinkled. The shape of the fruit tip is 48.7% round and 51.2% pointed. In our study, fruit size, fruit width, fruit meat thickness, seed house size and, TSS, pH rates were determined on average 13,25 cm, 12,53 cm, 26,10 mm, 70,68 mm, 9,05 brix° and 5,79 respectively. As a result of the trial, the morphological properties of genotypes are considered to be sufficient for genetic diversity.

Quinoa cultivation was practiced for many years in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. With the declaration of 2013 as the "World Year of Quinoa" by FAO, the interest in quinoa suddenly increased. In this study, the effects of 5 different irrigation water levels (full irrigation, 25% deficit, 50% deficit, 75% deficet and unirrigated) on some yield parameters (plant height, number of branches, raceme yield, stem yield, seed yield and harvest index) of quinoa plants were investigated. End of the study, the plant height was 36.9-66.2 cm, the number of branches was 12.0-19.7 pieces/plant, the raceme rate was 81.2-84.2%, the stem yield was 330.3-673.3 kg/ha, the seed yield was 153.0-466.7 kg/ha and the harvest index was 29.8-41.0% varied between. While plant height, number of branches, stem yield, seed yield and harvest index of quinoa plant the were decreased progressively subject to deficit water stress, raceme ratio was not significantly affected. While the highest value in all yield parameters was obtained from full irrigation applications, significant decreases were observed in the values of yield parameters as the irrigation water deficit increased. As a result, it was concluded that irrigation is essential to obtain high efficiency in quinoa cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions.

Fresh bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume crop in Turkey used as a major source of protein in the human diet. The total fresh bean production of Turkey is estimated at 651,094 tons. Bean production shows a decreasing factor due to various abiotic and biotic factors in Turkey. Among the viruses that infect beans, Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) are the most widespread destructive agents. The main objective of this study was to carry out a diagnostic survey for Bean common mosaic disease (BCMD) in beans, characterize its causal agent, and evaluate host resistance to BCMV and BCMNV. In addition to this, genotypes were tested for the levels of genetic diversity by 58 SSR markers. A total of 123 alleles with a PIC value of ≥0.2 were obtained from 75 bean genotypes. The unweighted NJ dendrogram was created using the scoring data, which demonstrated the molecular genetic relationships among the bean genotypes. SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) markers were used to determine the resistant genotypes to BCMV and BCMNV. According to the result, 21 out of 75 genotypes have resistance alleles to both pathogens.

Heavy metals are natural components of the earth’s crust and their concentration and distribution may differ from one region to another. Due to their high solubility, when discharged to the air, soil and water, they can turn into highly toxic pollutants and adversely affect living organisms. While some heavy metals are very important in trace amounts for living organisms regarding their metabolic activities, some of them cause toxic effects even at low concentrations. Although the effects of heavy metals on the environment and living things vary according to their type and concentrations, they pose a great threat for the people’s health and other living organisms, especially when they enter the food chain through agricultural soils and plants. Nowadays, there are some studies on identifying soils exposed to heavy metal pollution and developing appropriate remediation measures. However, the important point is not to clean the polluted areas, but to prevent pollution or reduce the rate of pollution to a minimum level. In addition, the effects of heavy metals on the environment and living organisms should be well understood. Therefore, in addition to their interactions with agricultural soils and irrigation waters, it is necessary to understand the effects of heavy metals on plant and human health properly. In this study, information about the sources of heavy metals, the way they contaminate agricultural lands and irrigation waters, their effects on soil, water and plants are given by using the latest literature.